Semiconductor laser, also known as laser diode, is a laser that uses semiconductor materials as its working substance. It has the characteristics of small size and long life.The working principle of semiconductor lasers is an excitation method, which uses semiconductor materials (that is, using electrons) to transition between energy bands to emit light. The cleavage surface of the semiconductor crystal is used to form two parallel reflecting mirrors as mirrors to form a resonant cavity to oscillate and feedback light. The radiation that produces light is amplified and laser light is output.
Semiconductor lasers work by injecting carriers, and three basic conditions must be met to emit lasers:
(1) It is necessary to generate sufficient particle number inversion distribution, that is, the number of particles in high energy states is sufficiently larger than the number of particles in low energy states.
(2) There is a suitable resonant cavity that can play a feedback role, causing the proliferation of stimulated emission photons, thereby producing laser oscillation.
(3) Certain threshold conditions must be met so that the photon gain is equal to or greater than the photon loss.
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